ALTHOUGH (bien que) -
Although we are the European centre for technologies (bien que nous soyons le centre Européen..) -
unfortunately we only offer level one technical support (nous n'assurons malheureusement que le
support technique).
ANY (er/ longer) plus tôt, plus lontemps
I couldn't get away any er (pas pu me libérer plus tôt) ; if we stay here anylonger, she will..
ANYMORE; NO MORE (n'a plus)
I haven't drunk anymore for a month ! ; she has got no more bread ; she hasn't got anymore bread ;
there is no more appropriate.. (there isn't no more :
NO !!) ; there isn't anymore (il n'y en a plus)
ANYTHING; ANYWHERE (n'importe quoi, n'importe où)
yes, for anything you want (for all the things: NO !!) ; I didn't hear anything; they haven't found anything either (n'ont rien trouvé non plus) ;
I have never seen eyes anywhere like that; we haven't found anywhere to sleep
AT(à)
arrive at a small named place/ at a port/ at an airport/ at a lake ; BUT arrive in Paris, Skopje (a large named place)
look at television; look at something on TV ;
is at war with (en guerre avec) ;
is putting the peace at risk (met la paix en danger)
BE GIVEN ; BE DONE (se faire donner, à faire)
you should be given.. ; I was given a totally free hand ; ..are campaining for more money to given for..; finances
has to be raised; select the date to be graphed (à traduire en graphique) ;
those who don't.. will be given their money back ; there was much to be done in their time.. ..avait beaucoup à faire à cette époque ;
the garden needs to be watered/cleaned (le jardin nécessite un arrosage/ a besoin d'être arrosé) ; these matters urgently needs to be looked into
BEFORE (avant) - WHEN (quand) - WHILE (pendant) -
AS.. AS.. (dès que) ; as soon as possible (aussi tôt que possible) - AFTER (après)
+ gerundif/preterit or preterit/ preterit
it will have to double in prices before I think I am on the wrong way ; before getting dressed, Emily dried her hair ; after looking in the mirror, she got into the van ;
Marry was cooking the lunch when the train stopped ; while Slick was driving off (partait - en conduisant), a customer wrote down the number ; before she left she checked the till ;
before she takes off she'll check seat belts
when he collects luggage, he'll go through customs ; when the.. expire in 19.. the government will assume.. ; when I've finished, I'll; see what is..
after she serve lunch, she will collect lunch tray ; as as they call the flight, he will leave departure lounge
BEING ; IS BEING; ARE BEING (étant)
..the rest of the people being either too old or too.. (étant ou trop vieux ou..)
the church is being repainted/ rebuilt ; schools are no longer being built with wood ; hotels arrangements are being handled through the.. ; the.. is
currently being tested by users ; ..and picked up before being intercepted ; I enjoy the stakes being high in my life (stakes : enjeux) ;
Susan admitted to being quite.. ; alternative medecine is now being used to treat.. ; ..was being chased by the local police (était poursuivi) ;
.. resulted in the police being called ; something tells me we are being followed (nous sommes suivis) ; so, callers are now being answered quickly ;
BOTH (les deux)
he has broken both his legs s'est cassé les deux jambes ; to hold with both hands ; both my wife and I are having.. ; both were empty ; she'is both pretty and clever ;
both plays the piano and sing ; (BUT : both are pretty and sing NO !!);
BUT (mais)
sens général de "mais" ;
I agree, but.. (j'approuve, mais) ;
sens de restriction :
she grows nothing but flowers (elle ne cultive que des fleurs)
BY (par, près, à..)
he'll be here by any minut (sera là dans un instant) ; it must be done by the end of.. (d'ici la fin de) ; she began by studying verbs (began
with : NO; !!) ; by any chance (par chance) ; cracked by hand
(cassés à la main)
CAN; COULD (peut, sait (nager); pourrait)
theoritical possibility/ ability; COULD replaces CAN in the past
I can hold my breath for 3 mn with practise ; accidents can happen ; it can be warm in Ireland in May ; how many depliants can fit into a MINI ?
my granmother could be very funny at times ; can you do the rumba ? (can you do the = savez-vous = ability)
DISCUSS; TELL (dire) ; INFORM
you discuss something with someone; we discussed the weather ; we discussed how we have enjoyed our.. ; you tell/ inform someone - (to someone NO !!) ;
you speak to her
DO (insistance, et faire)
generally they do achieve, but we.. - they do prefer living here - do take a sit !
DO et MAKE (faire)
TO DO
|
TO MAKE
|
|
|
shoping |
an appointment |
work |
an offer |
homework |
a suggestion |
house work |
a decision |
cleaning |
an attempt |
washing up |
an effort |
the dishes |
an excuse |
gardening |
an excuse |
military service |
a mistake |
mathematics |
a noise, trouble |
history |
a phonecall |
literature (at school) |
a date |
alterations |
a profit |
something |
the bed |
an interesting/ boring job |
excuses |
you have got some explaining to do (explications à
donner) |
|
|
a speech
|
HAVE (avoir) ;
PLAY (jouer)
they will know to make the robots work to..; they had a game (or played :
they made NO !!); to play the fool (faire l'imbécile); you pay less and less
attention (vous faites de moins en moins attention)
ENOUGH (assez)
1 / généralement devant un nom : there weren't enough crime prevention initiatives
2 / toujours derrière adjectifs et adverbes : his voice wasn't loud enough ;
3 / autres cas, à la fin : thanks, I've had enough
EVER, NEVER (toujours, jamais)
nowhere else have I ever seen; eyes like this (rencontré); I don't think they ever looked at anybody; I think they never..
EITHER.. OR; NEITHER.. NOR (ou, ou - ni, ni)
either give me the money back or give me..; ..but either you've stopped
smoking or you haven't which is it? ; they haven't found anything either (non plus) ; I can't, neither can John, nor can Mary (inversion après "not")
FOR (pour, pendant, parce que..)
for reasons of tact : being tactful; for a meal/ a walk/ a change/ a particular reason; friends for life
FROM(de : provenance)
suffering from illness; he said they had kept food prices level..
GET (obtenir, procurer, entrer, se..)
procurer - buy 2 packs get 1 free (un paquet gratuit pour deux achetés) ;
get the food/ car/ meal ready (prépare le..);
sens de "se" marier, s'habiller -before getting dressed, Emily dried.. ; to get dressed ; to get married (se marier) ; million people get injured each year
(se blessent) ; to get used to (s'habituer)
sens de ("faire faire") - I must get this skirt shortened/ finished (il faut que je fasse raccourcir) ;
..to get him arrested (le faire arrêter) ;
I am getting my hair cut tomorrow (je me fais couper les cheveux demain) ; it doesn't take to much to get you down (pour vous faire tomber) ;
when I do get this trip sorted, (quand j'aurai réglé ce voyage)
à la place de be langage parlé ou familier) - millions people get injured each year in car accidents (sont blessés) ; my car get damaged and it is getting
repaired (a été accidentée ; en cours de réparation) ;
HAVE (avoir) sens de faire faire
to have + ...ed - I'll have the car cleaned tomorrow
(je ferai nettoyer la voiture demain) ;
when living have your tickets checked (faites vérifier au départ) ;
I have had my hair cut (je me suis fait couper les cheveux) ;
I should have this letter typed ;
we had our house built on the seaside (nous avons fait construire) ;
he had the house redecorated; (someone else) ;
he had had the stove removed ;
BUT !! : he redecorated the house (he did it himself)
I want this job done immediately (je veux que ce travail soit fait)
ING (forme finissant par ant)
that + verb = gerundif (often with the same subject) - after verbs :
avoid, consider, deny, enjoy, fancy,
finish, imagine, mention, miss, pardon, practise, prevent, prohibit, recall, recollect, resent, resist, suggest, support
I deny saying anything so stupid ;
I deny that I said anything so stupid; I
mentioned hearing about the latest opinion poll ;
I mentioned that I had heard
about the latest opinion poll ;
I recollect/ remember seeing him on TV ;
I recollect/ remember that I had seen him
on TV ;
I suggest conducting an opinion poll ;
I suggested that we should conduct a poll ;
you might start thinking about shaping up a little (vous
devriez commencer à faire un petit régime ou un peu d’exercice - textuel, prendre forme)
need.. ing ; the dog needs taking for a walk ; the house needs repainting ; this matter urgently needs looking into (studied) ;
I dislike /can stand jogging ;
have you finished packing yet ? would you mind (not) opening the window ?
I'll risk/ can resist eating another cream cake
phrasal verbs - my daughter has recently given up eating meat and fish ; she is up to taking the exam; they asked them to cut down smoking
prepositions, conjonctions; also, after, when, because, of, besides,
while, without, admit, talk about, refrain.. -
by making a continual protest they.. ; through watching TV, they know.. ; I look forward to hearing the discuss ;
close to having a breakdown ; ..and picked up before being intercepted it appears that he delay in asking to join.. ; that meant changing school often, leaving Miami.. ;
he succeded in passing the exam
general statement - I ceased arguing years ago ; I dread thinking about such matters; debating is worthwile ; reading humorous books is enjoyable ;
pluriel - they studied the findings
passé - I regret/ forget/ don't remember saying that.. ; I remembered having a picnic here some.. ;
having worked for years running her own business, selling fish.. ;
verbes de perception - we saw a group of people climbing the hill
since I have stopped drinking coffee, my.. ; your tooth will stop hurting if you take an aspirin ; ..to prevent them having to run back to the.. ;
they make us pay to visit a place they haven't finished building
we do need far more women coming into politics ; so, I tried excluding various foods
do you like playing cards/ tennis? ; do you like sailing (voile ou naviguer)/ skiing/ swimming? (aimez vous jouer au.., faire du, de la..) ;
I missed being a girl guide (j'ai failli être)
IN - INSIDE, INTO
in holidays ; in a country ; in Paris, in a large named place ; aussi : he succeded in passing the exam ; the equipment you are interested in (qui vous intéresse) : BUT !! :
he is inside/ outside the room/ house, gate
(d'un côté d'une limite : sidewalk = trottoir, du côté où l'on marche) ;
to put into a box, get into a room, a car ; aussi : to break into pieces (en plusieurs morceaux)
LESS; FEWER; (voir MUCH; MORE)
LIKE; AS
the bridge was shaped like a bow (avait la forme d'un arc..) ;
a TV-like remote control (comme une télécommande TV; ressemblant à) ; she is like you would call a
housewife (elle est ce que l'on appellerait une femme d'intérieur) ; do as they do (fais comme ils font)
LOOK FOR; (voir search, seek)
MAKE (voir Do)
Make the man a knock (donne un coup à l'homme) ; Bud makes the woman a drink (ici, Bud prépare une boisson pour la femme)
MANY.. MUCH (beaucoup)
objets dénombrables -
avec many - ..hashalf many
legs as.. (deux fois moins de pattes que) ; twice as many as.. (deux fois plus nombreux que) ; were there many/ a lot/ of them
? ; yes, they were a good/ great many people (or of them) = a great deal of (étaient-ils nombreux, beaucoup ? oui, il y avait beaucoup de gens/ monde) ; too many of us think.. (trop
d'entre nous) ; there are many envelops in the drawer (il y a beaucoup d'enveloppes..); many years, many times; (beaucoup d'années, beaucoup de fois ou bien des fois) ;
many clouds (beaucoup de/nombreux nuages) ; as many shoes as you (autant de chaussures que toi)
choses qu'on ne peut dénombrer (compter) : avec much -
twice as much heart (deux fois plus de coeur) ; ten times as much as required (dix fois plus que demandé) ; I didn't like the play very much
(la pièce ne m'a pas beaucoup plu) ; as much as possible, as much as you can ; much money, not very much time ; I don't think much of that film (ne vaut pas grand chose) ;
it wasn'tmuch of an evening (soirée pas très réussie)
voir aussi "appréciations, comparaisons" ex : students are five times as likely to be.. (cinq fois plus de chance) ;
MORE.. LESS (FEWER) ..than ; MUCH MORE (plus, moins, beaucoup plus..)
isn't more fun than (pas plus amusant que) ; she looks more like Buck from the.. (ressemble plus à..) ;
it is sensible to plan to drive no more than about 150 miles a day (pas plus de..) ; .. a density of more than ;
a more comprehensive range than ever before (la plus large gamme/ La gamme la plus complète que jamais) ; there is no more appropriate place for.. (il n'y a pas de place plus convenable) ;
about half the more than 3,500 cars ; there are two times more single men than.. (deux fois plus d'hommes seuls que..)
it is a great deal more than.. (beaucoup plus que..) ; it's far more diverse than.. (de loin le plus varié/ diversifié..) ; much more exciting than we expected ;
much better than last year ;
how much worse the recriminations will get depends on wether anything more emerges about L'aggravation des récriminations dépendra de ce qui peut se produire ; a better carreer (meilleure carrière)
it's far less expensive than.. (de loin le moins coûteux que..) ;
much less expensively than (bien moins cher/coûteux) ; I am less concerned about the.. than I am about.. ;
they offer fewer attractions ;
OF (de)
what do you think of the film ; I was thinking of going to Paris (planning, considering) ; he was accused of lying (lying = mensonge : mentir = to lie) ;
(for lying : NO !!) ; didn't use to think much of = didn't have a good opinion of ;
ON (sur)
look at something on television/ watch something on the radio/ on the news ;
listen/ hear/ see something on the TV/ on the radio/ news..
depending on : relied on help/ advice/ support) ; she concentrated on
learning ; every thing depends on you ; on principal : because of principle ;
on an island, on a plane, train.. ;
he is on the way home (to home NO !!) ; on the road, (travelling)
..by those on the regime of auto-entrepreneur
REMOTE (éloigné)
he hasn't a remote chance (la moindre chance; "remote" = éloigné) ;
SEEK; SEARCH (chercher, rechercher)
to search a thing, a person, an information (rechercher = to look for) ; to seek a solution, honour ; writer seeks companion ; a magazine which seeks to expose people lives
SINCE (depuis)
it was 17 days since he had last locked the door (cela faisait 17 jours qu'il avait fermé la porte);
since the invention of
SHIP (sens de groupe, ensemble, collectif)
leadership ; authorship; the UTU membership stucture and functions ; workship ;
mothership ; craftmanship (technique de fabrication) ; relationship
SHOULD YOU DECIDE (si vous décidez ; si vous deviez décider ?)
should you decide not to continue your.., simply return.. ; my only obligation is to return the volumes at my expense,
should I decide not to continue the subscription ;
should you require more information, call SW ; should you wish to receive a brochure on any of the.. please call us ;
should any of the information you required not be available, (si l'une des informations que vous avez demandées n'est pas disponible)
we will forward your request to.. (nous ferons suivre votre demande..) ;
the organisers are under no obligation to refund the deposit, should an exhibitor fail to pay the sum owed
request should be accompanied by a cheque
STILL (encore, sens de toujours) ; YET (encore, sens de déjà)
no, we are still too far from.. ;
I still have the car you know (j'ai toujours) ;
the men still haven't been caught ;
we haven't seen our new neighbours yet ;
(pas encore vu nos..) ;
..yet remains tinged with a.. (= but); I am not done yet, I am still
improving ;
has the postman been yet ?
(est-il déjà passé)
is to be done (doit être fait) ; take the things to be given/ be done (à donner, à faire) ;
the.. is to be removed (doit être enlevé) ; it is to be hopped that.. (il est à espérer) ;
rules changed are to be considered.. (doivent être) ;
if Ch. is to be another of your lovers.. (doit être) ; choose whatever is to be removed / deleted
THAN (que, comparatif)
have more than six drinks
THAT (ce, celui, si, que)
All that's great (c'est parfait), but what does that make you think the victim could be.. ;
..and Irish women are not that far behind (ne sont pas si loin derrière) ; and when you are that close, it does not matter ; I am not that naive now ;
he wasn't that gifted a photographer ; his composition was never that great ; if the trouble was that serious (si les difficultés/ennuis étaient aussi graves)
TO (à, vers, infinitif)
listen to something ; we left all that to the girls ; leave some money to someone (leave someone's some money) ; I came to London (in London : NO !!) ;
I'll thank you to keep quiet ; where does Sharon fly to ? he asked her to write ; they advise him to leave ; he taught her to drive ; we were six of us to diner (au dîner) ;
suppression de TO, ABOUT (left out)
bad |
correct |
she said to him |
she told (to) him that |
he taught English to her |
he taught her English |
he gave the money to her |
he gave her the money |
she provided them a home |
she provided a home for them |
|
she provided them with a home
|
IS TO BE done/ not to be missed.. (à faire/ ne pas manquer)
to be donne (à faire) ; a date not to be missed (à ne pas manquer) ;
to be done in class or at home (à faire) ; the finances has to be raised internationaly
les fonds doivent être levés au niveau international ; ..campaining for money to be given for.. ; (pour que de l'argent soit donné) ;
parking fees to be paid for through automatics dispensers ; a watch to be worn with.. (wear/worn : porter/porté(e) (usure/usé(e)) ; the first hotel to be built in.. (à construire) ;
..book to be published.. (qui paraîtra : à paraître)
is to be done (doit être fait) ; take the things to be given/ be done (à donner, à faire) ;
the.. is to be removed (doit être enlevé) ; it is to be hopped
that.. (il est à espérer) ; rules changed are to be considered.. (doivent être) ;
if Ch. is to be another of your lovers.. (doit être) ; choose whatever is to be removed/ deleted
UNLESS (à moins que, sauf)
..a policy not accepting unless they aresubmitted.. ; children under 13 are not accepted unless they are accompanied by elderly.. ;
unless you renew the battery, the watch won't work
WANT ME (veut que je)
want (like) someone to do something ; (want that : NO !! )
she want us to go to..
(elle veut que l'on aille - nous allons - à..) ;
I want you to read/ to listen/ to prove what you.. ;
would you like me to ring her now ? would you like me to walk the dog ? (voudriez vous - aimeriez vous - que je sorte le chien ?) ;
I'd like you to help if you can ;
I'd like you to meet to Rita ; (j'aimerais vous présenter à..)
I wanted to buy my friend a plant for her birthday, but I wanted her to choose for herself (je voulais qu'elle choisisse par elle-même) ;
do you want me to cook the dinner ; do you want me to ask him ? I want you to wear this; you don't want me to wear this
WHEN (quand); (voir BEFORE)
when we have completed our review we will advise you of the outcome (quand nous aurons achevé.. nous vous informerons);
when we got divorced, I kept the house; (voir aussi LES TEMPS) ;
when will the recession end ? (au lieu de) "when the recession will end" - when did the meeting..
WETHER (que ce soit)
wether it's in catering or business (que ce soit dans la restauration ou les affaires..) ; ..have lost their faith in a better future wether it is on social economic or political level
(que ce soit pour .. ou)
WHICH; WHO/whom (qui/ (de) qui) ; WHOSE (dont, lequel)
that which : (celui qui) ; he who asked for me : (celui que) ; she whom I had met on the train : (celle que)
the man whom I spoke to : (à qui) ; Alvin Toffler whose book "the.." introduce.. : (dont) ; whose keys ? Elisabeth's keys ;
the person we were talking about (et non whose..)
formal written style : to whom we owe this = who I owe to
the wife; for (with) whom he wrote these books ..
five million people of whom the vast majority are illeterate (of whom : dont) ;
do you know of whom I speak ? (savez vous de qui je parle)
relatives : which/ that ; a farm animal which/ that will eat anything ; an animal which/ thatcan run very fast ;
WILL
when will the recession end ? au lieu de "when the recession will end"
WHILE ; (voir BEFORE)
WITH (avec)
dizzy with sleeplessness (d'insomnie) ;
when I was faced with a vey stressful event.. (confronté)
WORTH worthy ; worthwile ; worthless
to be worth (valoir) ;
to be worthwile (valoir la peine) ;
worthwile (qui vaut
la peine, valable) ;
it's worthwile visiting the wonders of the ancien Egypt ;
..collections which are wellworth a visit (qui méritent) ;
their licences are worth paying for ;
it's not worthwile ; worthless (non valable)
YET (déjà, encore)
has she arrived yet/ finished yet ? (est-elle déjà arrivée/ a-t-elle déjà fini)
voir aussi au début
"questions" et "still" (encore, au sens de toujours)